Oxford University Press

Maps and Illustrations . . ix
Introduction . . 1

1. In the Beginning . . 6
2. Shakespeare under the Tsars . . 26
3. Shakespeare and National Revivals . . 57
4. Shakespeare after the Bolshevik Revolution . . 77
5. Shakespeare behind the Iron Curtain . . 96
6. Post-Communist Shakespeare . . 136

Notes . . 148
A Select Bibliography . . 154
Index . . 157

List of Maps    ix
Notes on Contributors    x

Nationalism, Language, Europe

STEPHEN BARBOUR

2. Britain and Ireland: The Varying Significance of Language for    18
Nationalism
STEPHEN BARBOUR
3. France: 'One state, one nation, one language?'    44
ANNE JUDGE
4. The Iberian Peninsula: Conflicting Linguistic Nationalisms    83
CLARE MAR-MOLINERO
5. Northern Europe: Languages as Prime Markers of Ethnic and    105
National Identity
LARS S. VIKOR
6. The Low Countries: A Study in Sharply Contrasting Nationalisms    130
ROBERT B. HOWELL
7. Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg: The Total    151
Coincidence of Nations and Speech Communities?
STEPHEN BARBOUR
8. Language and Nationalism in Italy: Language as a Weak Marker of    168
Identity
CARLO RUZZA
9. Contrasting Ethnic Nationalisms: Eastern Central Europe    183
BARBARA TORNQUIST-PLEWA
10. 'A people exists and that people has its language': Language and    221
Nationalism in the Balkans
CATHIE CARMICHAEL.
11. Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic    240
Identity
PETER TRUDGILL
12. Coming to Terms with the Past: Language and Nationalism in    264
Russia and its Neighbours
CATHIE CARMICHAEL
13. Conclusions: Language and National Identity in Europe    280
CATHIE CARMICHAEL

References    290
Index    309

DETAILED CONTENTS . . xi
ABOUT THIS BOOK . . xv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . xviii

1 WHY STUDY IR? . . 1
2 IR AS AN ACADEMIC SUBJECT . . 33
3 REALISM . . 67
4 LIBERALISM . . 107
5 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY . . 139
6 INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY . . 175
7 METHODOLOGICAL DEBATES . . 217
8 NEW ISSUES IN IR . . 249

REFERENCES . . 271
INDEX . . 287

Preface by the Editors    ix
Foreword by the President of the European Court of Human Rights    xiv
The Contributing Authors    xv
Table of ECHR Cases    xxv
Table of Legislation and Treaties    xxxvn
PART I - Introductory: International and Comparative Aspects of
the ECHR and its Member States
1 The Institutions and Processes of the Convention    3
Robert Blackburn
2 The Status of the Convention in National Law    31
Jorg Polakiewicz
3 The Execution of Judgments of the European Court of
Human Rights    55
Jorg Polakiewicz
4 Current Developments, Assessment, and Prospects    77
Robert Blackburn

PART II - The Effect of the ECHR on the Legal and Political
Systems of Member States
5 AUSTRIA    103
Hannes Tretter
6 BELGIUM    167
Silvio Marcus-Helmons and Philippe Marcus-Helmons
7 BULGARIA    191
Alexander Arabadijew
8 CYPRUS    217
Andreas Nicolas Loizou
9 CZECH REPUBLIC    241
Dalibor Jflek and Mahulena Hofmann
10 DENMARK    259
Peter Germer
11 ESTONIA    277
Rait Maruste
12 FINLAND    289
13 FRANCE        313
Catherine Dupre
14 GERMANY        335
Andreas Zimmermann
15 GREECE        355
Krateros Ioannou
16 HUNGARY        383
Hanna Bokor-Szego und Monika Weller
17 ICELAND        399
Gudrun Gauksdottir
18 IRELAND        423
Donucha O'Connell
19 ITALY        475
Enzo Meriggiola
20 LITHUAN IA        503
Vilenas Vadapalas
21  LUXEMBOURG    531
Dean Spielmann
22    MALTA    559
Joseph Said Pullicino
23 NETHERLANDS        595
Leo F. Zwank
24 NORWAY        625
Erik Mose
25 POLAND        657
Andrew, Drzemczewski and Marek Antoni Nowicki
26 PORTUGAL        681
Joao Madureira
27 ROMANIA        711
Renate Weber
28 RUSSIA        731
Maxim Ferschtman
29 SLOVAKIA        755
Milan Blasko
30 SLOVENIA        781
Arne Mavcic
31 SPAIN        809
Guillermo Escobar Roca
32 SWEDEN        833
Ian Cameron
33 SWITZERLAND        855
Marco Borghi
34 TURKEY        879
Yasemin Ozdek and Emine Karacunglu
35 UKRAINE        915
Victor Potapenko and Pavlo PushEar
36 THE UNITED KINGDOM    935
Rohert Blackburn
Appendices
a) Speech by the Secretary General at the Commemorative
Ceremony for the 50th Anniversary of the European
Convention on Human Rights    1009
b) Resolutions and Declaration for the Future at the European
Ministerial Conference, 4 November 2000    1012

Select Bibliography    1020
Index    1039

Preface . . ix

1 Democratic Liberty on a Continental Scale? . . 1
2 Where are our Madisons? . . 25
3 The Dilemma of Modern Democracy . . 47
4 How Britain has Lost its Voice . . 64
5 Why Constitutions are Important . . 81
6 Three Forms of the State . . 102
7 Creating an Open Political Class . . 122
8 Europe and the Global Market . . 151
9 Europe and the United States . . 171
10 Europe, Christianity and Islam . . 189
11 Political Moderation and Social Diversity in Europe: The Future . . 215

A Brief Bibliography . . 232
Index . . 239

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . xi
LIST OF PLATES . . xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . xiv
MAP OF VIETNAM AT WAR, 1954—1975 . . xv

Prelude . . 1
1. Visions of the Future . . 9
2. The French War . . 41
3. The Coming of the American War . . 77
4. Experiencing War . . 115
5. War's End . . 147
Coda . . 183

FURTHER READING . . 197
NOTES . . 203
PICTURE AND TEXT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . 227
INDEX . . 229

Preface    ix
Introduction: Where Is Central Europe?    3

1 Central Europe and the Roman Christian West, 400-1000    13

Romans and Barbarians: Christians and Pagans Roman CatholiG Eastern Orthodox, and IslamicEmpires:
Charlemagne, Byzantium, and the Rise of the Ottomans

2    Feudal Foundations, 1000-1350    27

TheDisunited GermanEmpire
Austrian, Bohemian, Hungarian, and PolishDynasties
Bohemia's Imperial Bid: King Otakar's Thirteenth-Century Empire
The German "Drive to theEast, " 1200-1350
Stemming the German Tide? The Battle of Grunwald

3 The Great Late Medieval Kingdoms: Poland and
Hungary, 1350-1500    45

The Wedding of Poland and Lithuania, 1386
The Greatest Hungarian King: The Reign of Matthias I, 1458-1490
Empire Building at the Altar: Habsburg Marital Diplomacy,
1477-1515

4 The Bulwarks of Christendom: Religion and Warfare,
1400-1550    64

The Crack in the Foundation: Jan Hus and the Bohemian Precedent
Western ChristianityDivided: TheReformation
Western Christianity Threatened: The Rise of the Ottomans'
European Empire

5 The Counter-Reformation: The Roman Catholic Church and
the Habsburg Dynasty Triumphant, 1550-1700    85

Breaking Bohemia 's Back: The Battle of White Mountain, 1620
Winners and Losers: The Peace of Westphalia, 1648
Defeating the Infidel, or Poland Saves the West: Lifting the Turkish
Siege of Vienna, 1683
The Consolidation of the HabsburgEmpire

6    Absolutism as Enlightenment, 1700-1790    103

Triangular Conflict in theEast: Poland-Lithuania, Sweden, and
Russia
The Polish Paradox: Freedom Without "Enlightenment"
Frederick the Great and Prussian Pathology
Russia's Westward Turn: Peter the Great and Catherine the Great
HabsburgEnlightenment: Maria Theresia andJoseph II

7    Nations Without States, States Without Nations, 1790- 1848    124
The Partitions of Poland, 1772-1795
Central Luropean Soul: Volksgeist
From Nations to Nationalisms
The Politics of Language
The "Jewish Question"                   
8    The Demise of Imperial Austria and the Rise of
Imperial Germany, 1848-1890    149   
The "Springtime of Nations ". The Revolutions of 1848       
ThePrussian Unification of Germany, 1866-1871       
Imperial German Geography: Mitteleuropa
9    World War I and National Self-Determination,
1914-1922    171

Austria-Hungary: The "Prison of Nations, "
1914-1918
The Resurrection of Poland, 1918-1922
Dictating Peace and Drawing Borders: The Treaties of
Versailles, St. Germain, and Trianon, 1919-1920

10 Spheres of Influence I: Germany and the Soviet Union    197
German-Soviet Cooperation: The Spirit of Rapallo,       
1922-1933
Hitler's Foreign Policy: From the Revision of Versailles
to the Nonaggression Pact with Stalin, 1933-1939
Space, Race, and Nazi Germany's New European
Order, 1939-1945

11 Spheres of Influence II: East and West, or
 “Yalta Europe”    223

The Polish Problem, 1939-1945

Yalta: Bungling or Betrayal ?
The Making of Eastern Europe, 1945-1948 Dividing Germany, 1949 Starting the Cold War

12 The Failure of Eastern Europe, 1956-1989    249
Revolutions and Reforms: 1956, 1968, and 1980-1981
The Idea of Central Europe
The Gorbachev Factor

Epilogue: Postrevolutionary Paradoxes:
Central Europe Since 1989    275
Notes    309
Index    327

List of Figures    xi
List of Tables    xiii
Contributors    xvi

I. INTRODUCTION

1. A Cross National Comparative Approach to Couples' Careers    1
HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD AND SONlA DROBNIC
2. Theoretical Perspectives on Couples' Careers    16
HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD AND SONJA DROBNIC

II. THE 'CONSERVATIVE' WELFARE STATE REGIME
3. Spouses' Employment Careers in (West) Germany    53
HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD, SONlA DROBNIC, AND GOTZ ROHWER
4. Couples' Labour-Market Participation in the Netherlands    77
JOHN HENDRICKX, WIM BERNASCO, AND PAUL M. DE GRMF
5. Couples'Careers in Flanders    98
MARTINE CORIJN

III. THE 'MEDITERRANEAN' WELFARE STATE REGIME

6. The Employment Behaviour of Married Women in Italy    121
FABRIZIO BERNARDI
7. Spouses' Employment Careers in Spain    146
MARIA lOSE GONZALEZ-LOPEZ

IV. THE 'LIBERAL' WELFARE STATE REGIME
8. Married Women's Employment Patterns in Britain    175
ANDREW MCCULLOCH AND SHIRLEY DEX
9. Coupled Careers: Pathways Through Work and Marriage in the
United States 201
SHIN-KAP HAN AND PHYLLIS MOEN

V. THE 'SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC' WELFARE STATE REGIME

10. Earnings as a Force of Attraction and Specialization in Sweden    233
URSULA HENZ AND MARIANNE SUNDSTROM
11. Work Careers of Married Women in Denmark    261
S0REN LETH-S0RENSEN AND GOTZ ROHWER

VI. THE (FORMER) 'STATE SOCIALIST'REGIME
12. Employment Patterns of Married Women in Poland    281
SONJA DROBNIC AND EWA FRĄTCZAK
13. Employment Patterns in Hungarian Couples    307
PETER ROBERT, ERZSEBET BUKODI, AND RUUD LUIlKX
14. Job-Shift Patterns of Husbands and Wives in Urban China    332
XUEGUANG ZHOU AND PHYLLIS MOEN

VII. RESULTS OF CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISONS
15. Careers of Couples and Trends in Inequality    371
SONIA DROBNIC AND HANS-PETER BLOSSFELD

Subject Index    387
Author Index

Preface . . vii
Note on the text . . xiv
List of plates . . xv
List of maps . . xvii

Introduction . . 1
1 History's cruel tricks . . 10
2 Revivingthedream . . 31
3 The drama of reform . . 58
4 Waiting for the end of the world . . 86
5 Survival and cannibalism in the rust belt . . l13
6 Democracy without liberalism? . . 142
7 Idealism and treason . . 171
Notes . . 197
Further reading . . 233
Index . . 237